Re: Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge

["Klaus Graf" <klaus.graf _at__ geschichte.uni-freiburg.de>]

On Sat, 25 Oct 2003 13:54:15 +0200
 "Karl Dietz" <karl.dietz _at__ gmx.de> wrote INETBIB:
> Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge 
> in the Sciences and Humanities

Das ist ein grosser Schritt fuer die Akzeptanz der Open
Access Bewegung.

In der neuen Ausgabe des E-Journals Zeitenblicke geht es um
E-Zeitschriften (nicht nur in der Geschichtswissenschaft).
Dort ist auch die "zitierfaehige" Version meines Beitrags
mit vielen Links und Screenshots zu finden:

Klaus Graf: Wissenschaftliches E-Publizieren mit 'Open
Access' - Initiativen und Widerstände, in: zeitenblicke 2
(2003), Nr. 2 [22.10.2003], URL:
<http://www.zeitenblicke.historicum.net/2003/02/graf.html>

> 
> Preface
> The Internet has fundamentally changed the practical and 
> economic realities 
> of distributing scientific knowledge and cultural 
> heritage. For the first 
> time ever, the Internet now offers the chance to 
> constitute a global and 
> interactive representation of human knowledge, including 
> cultural heritage 

Die Ausweitung auf Kulturgut (heritage collections), die
auf die Beteiligung der Initiative ECHO zurueckgeht, ist
ein wichtiger neuer Punkt.

ECHO-Homepage:
http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHO/home

ECHO hat aufgrund der fuehrenden Rolle der MP-Ges. einen
stark wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Schwerpunkt. Es
unterstuetzt laut seiner Charter nur Bestrebungen, die
Kulturgut (also auch Bibliotheksgut) frei zugaenglich
machen:

"ECHO does not support work on content which, due to
property right restrictions, cannot be made freely
available on the Internet."

ECHO duerfte also z.B. DigiZeitschriften nicht
unterstuetzen.

> and the guarantee of worldwide access.
> We, the undersigned, feel obliged to address the 
> challenges of the Internet 
> as an emerging functional medium for distributing 
> knowledge. Obviously, 
> these developments will be able to significantly modify 
> the nature of 
> scientific publishing as well as the existing system of 
> quality assurance.
> In accordance with the spirit of the Declaration of the 
> Budapest Open Acess 
> Initiative, the ECHO Charter

Der Verweis auf die ECHO Charter wertet diese auf.

> and the Bethesda Statement 
> on Open Access 
> Publishing, we have drafted the Berlin Declaration to 
> promote the Internet 
> as a functional instrument for a global scientific 
> knowledge base and human 
> reflection and to specify measures which research policy 
> makers, research 
> institutions, funding agencies, libraries, archives and 
> museums need to 
> consider.

Hier werden also auch die Bibliotheken direkt angesprochen.

> 
> Goals
> Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half 
> complete if the 
> information is not made widely and readily available to 
> society. New 
> possibilities of knowledge dissemination not only 
> through the classical 
> form but also and increasingly through the open access 
> paradigm via the 
> Internet have to be supported. We define open access as 
> a comprehensive 
> source of human knowledge and cultural heritage that has 
> been approved by 
> the scientific community.
> In order to realize the vision of a global and 
> accessible representation of 
> knowledge, the future Web has to be sustainable, 
> interactive, and 
> transparent. Content and software tools must be openly 
> accessible and 
> compatible.
> 
> Definition of an Open Access Contribution
> Establishing open access as a worthwhile procedure 
> ideally requires the 
> active commitment of each and every individual producer 
> of scientific 
> knowledge and holder of cultural heritage. Open access 
> contributions 
> include original scientific research results, raw data 
> and metadata, source 
> materials, digital representations of pictorial and 
> graphical materials and 
> scholarly multimedia material.
> 

Scientific Knowledge waere nach dem gaengigen Konzept von
Science nur naturwiss. Wissen. Eine autorisierte deutsche
Uebersetzung sollte daher "wissenschaftlich" uebersetzen
duerfen. 

> Open access contributions must satisfy two conditions:
>    1. The author(s) and right holder(s) of such 
> contributions grant(s) to 
> all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, right of 
> access to, and a license 
> to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work 
> publicly and to 
> make and distribute derivative works, in any digital 
> medium for any 
> responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of 
> authorship (community 
> standards, will continue to provide the mechanism for 
> enforcement of proper 
> attribution and responsible use of the published work, 
> as they do now), as 
> well as the right to make small numbers of printed 
> copies for their 
> personal use.

Open Access bedeutet nicht nur kostenfreien, sondern auch
lizenzfreien Zugang ("free of permission restrictions").

Der Urheber eines Open-Access-Werks erlaubt unwiderruflich
die oeffentliche Weiterverbreitung in digitalen Medien,
soweit dies in verantwortlicher Weise geschieht, sowie die
Erstellung von Bearbeitungen ("derivative works"). Seine
Autorschaft muss aber genannt werden.

Hieran knuepfen sich natuerlich unzaehlige offene
juristische Fragen vor allem im Bereich des Urheberrechts.
Ein umfassender Vorbehalt aller Rechte ist jedenfalls nicht
mit Open Access vereinbar.

>    2. A complete version of the work and all 
> supplemental materials, 
> including a copy of the permission as stated above, in 
> an appropriate 
> standard electronic format is deposited (and thus 
> published) in at least 
> one online repository using suitable technical standards 
> (such as the Open 
> Archive definitions) that is supported and maintained by 
> an academic 
> institution, scholarly society, government agency, or 
> other 
> well-established organization that seeks to enable open 
> access, 
> unrestricted distribution, inter operability, and long-
> term archiving.

Open Access-Publikationen muessen also zwingend in
mindestens einem institutionellen Archiv untergebracht
sein, das sich zu dauernder Aufbewahrung (und
Zugaenglichkeit) verpflichtet. Es ist ein ganz wichtiger
Punkt, dass die Langzeitarchivierung digitaler
Publikationen als wesentlich gesehen wird.

> 
> Supporting the Transition to the Electronic Open Access 
> Paradigm
> Our organizations are interested in the further 
> promotion of the new open 
> access paradigm to gain the most benefit for science and 
> society. 
> Therefore, we intend to make progress by
>     * encouraging our researchers/grant recipients to 
> publish their work 
> according to the principles of the open access paradigm.
>     * encouraging the holders of cultural heritage to 
> support open access 
> by providing their resources on the Internet.

DigiZeitschriften koennte teilweise Open Access zusichern,
wenn die rechtefreien aelteren Zeitschriften gemaess Open
Access zugaenglich waeren. Aber darauf ist nicht zu hoffen.

>     * developing means and ways to evaluate open access 
> contributions and 
> online-journals in order to maintain the standards of 
> quality assurance and 
> good scientific practice.
>     * advocating that open access publication be 
> recognized in promotion 
> and tenure evaluation.
>     * advocating the intrinsic merit of contributions to 
> an open access 
> infrastructure by software tool development, content 
> provision, metadata 
> creation, or the publication of individual articles.
> We realize that the process of moving to open access 
> changes the 
> dissemination of knowledge with respect to legal and 
> financial aspects. Our 
> organizations aim to find solutions that support further 
> development of the 
> existing legal and financial frameworks in order to 
> facilitate optimal use 
> and access. 
> 
> 
> aus:
> ------------
> <{HYPERLINK "http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-
>
berlin/berlindeclaration.html"}http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-
> berlin/berlindeclaration.html>
> 

Hinsichtlich der Zugaenglichmachung von Kulturgut
(insbesondere von Bibliotheksbestaenden) bedeutet Open
Access, dass die im Internet zur Verfuegung gestellten
Bilder (und Texte) frei in anderen digitalen Projekten
weiterverwertet werden koennen, was eine neue Qualitaet
hinsichtlich der Allgemeinzugaenglichkeit von Kulturgut
bedeuten wuerde.

Dazu vergleiche man auch meine Diskussionsbeitraege:
http://www.uni-freiburg.de/histsem/mertens/graf/kultjur.htm
http://www.jurawiki.de/FotoRecht

Klaus Graf